Never say about anything, ‘I shall do this tomorrow,’ without adding, ‘if Allah so wills.‘ Should you forget, then call your Lord to mind and say, ‘I pray that my Lord will guide me even closer than this to what is right.’ (Surah Al-Kahf: 23-24)
Every action a human being does or omits to do, indeed every breath a human being takes, is subject to Allah’s will. The curtains hiding the future are stretched in full so as to hide everything beyond the present moment. Our eyes cannot discern what is behind that curtain, and our minds are finite, no matter how advanced our knowledge may be. Hence a human being must never say that he is definitely doing something tomorrow unless he attaches his intention to Allah’s will.
This is because tomorrow belongs to the realm that lies beyond the reach of human perception. As such, it is known only to Allah. Hence, we do not make any assertion about it. This does not mean that man should be fatalistic, giving no thought to the future and making no plans for it. He should not live for the present moment, cutting himself off from his past and future. No, this is not what the directive implies. Rather, what is implied is that -
every human being must make an allowance for what Allah may will in his case.
He may intend to do whatever he wants, always seeking Allah’s help, feeling that His will is in full control of everything.
It may well be however that Allah may decide something different to what he intends. Should Allah help him to put into effect what he intends, then all well and good. But if Allah’s will moves in a different direction, he should not despair or be sad.
All matters belong to Allah at the beginning and at the end.
What this means in practice is that -
every person should think and plan as they wish, but they must always remember to rely on Allah’s help and guidance.
They should realize that they only have the faculties of thinking and deliberation Allah has given them.
This should not lead to laziness or disinterestedness.
On the contrary, it -
should give us more strength, confidence, reassurance and resolve.
Should events reveal that Allah’s will has moved in a direction different to what we planned, we should accept this with contentedness and reassurance.
We submit to Allah’s will, because it is beyond our knowledge until Allah makes it known.
This is the method Islam instils into the minds of its followers. Hence a Muslim does not feel alone when he plans or thinks of the future. Neither does he show any conceit or arrogance when he succeeds, nor is he overtaken by depression and despair when he fails.
In all situations, he remembers Allah, feeling stronger for relying on Him, expressing gratitude to Him for his success, resigned for whatever Allah’s will may determine.
“Should you forget, then call your Lord to mind.” (Ayat 24)
This is what a Muslim should do when he forgets to relate his intentions to Allah’s will.
He should remember Allah and renew his reliance on Him.
He should also hope to remain always conscious of Allah, turning to Him in all situations and all future actions, always saying: “I pray that my Lord will guide me even closer than this to what is right.” (Ayat 24)
This short prayer indicates that it is not so easy to always turn to Allah in all affairs. Hence the prayer to try always to maintain it and improve on one’s situation.
It was recorded in the Two Sahihs that Abu Hurayrah (r.a) said that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said:
«قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ: لَأَطُوفَنَّ اللَّيْلَةَ عَلَى سَبْعِينَ امْرَأَةً وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: تِسْعِينَ امْرَأَةً، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: مِائَةِ امْرَأَةٍ تَلِدُ كُلُّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ غُلَامًا يُقَاتِلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ: قُلْ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ، فَلَمْ يَقُلْ، فَطَافَ بِهِنَّ فَلَمْ تَلِدْ مِنْهُنَّ إِلَّا امْرَأَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ نِصْفَ إِنْسَانٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِصلى الله عليه وسلّم: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَوْ قَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ لَمْ يَحْنَثْ، وَكَانَ دَرَكًا لِحَاجَتِه»
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ:
«وَلَقَاتَلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ فُرْسَانًا أَجْمَعُون»
(Sulayman bin Dawud (peace be upon them both) said: "Tonight I will go around to seventy women according to some reports, it was ninety or one hundred women so that each one of them will give birth to a son who will fight for the sake of Allah.'' It was said to him, according to one report, the angel said to him "Say: `If Allah wills'", but he did not say it. He went around to the women but none of them gave birth except for one who gave birth to a half-formed child.) The Messenger of Allah said, (By the One in Whose hand is my soul, had he said, "If Allah wills,'' he would not have broken his oath, and that would have helped him to attain what he wanted. ) According to another report, (They would all have fought as horsemen in the cause of Allah.) At the beginning of this Surah we discussed the reason why this Ayah was revealed: when the Prophet was asked about the story of the people of the Cave, he said, "I will tell you tomorrow.'' Then the revelation was delayed for fifteen days. Since we discussed this at length at the beginning of the Surah, there is no need to repeat it here.
وَاذْكُر رَّبَّكَ إِذَا نَسِيتَ
(And remember your Lord when you forget) It was said that this means, if you forget to say "If Allah wills", then say it when you remember. This was the view of Abu Al-`Aliyah and Al-Hasan Al-Basri. Hushaym reported from Al-A`mash from Mujahid that concerning a man who swears an oath, Ibn `Abbas said "He may say `If Allah wills' even if it is a year later.'' Ibn `Abbas used to interpret this Ayah:
وَاذْكُر رَّبَّكَ إِذَا نَسِيتَ
(And remember your Lord when you forget) in this way. Al-A`mash was asked, "Did you hear this from Mujahid" He said, "Layth bin Abi Salim told it to me.'' The meaning of Ibn `Abbas' view, that a person may say "If Allah wills'', even if it is a year later, is that if he forgets to say it when he makes the oath or when he speaks, and he remembers it later, even a year later, the Sunnah is that he should say it, so that he will still be following the Sunnah of saying "If Allah wills'', even if that is after breaking his oath. This was also the view of Ibn Jarir, but he stated that this does not make up for breaking the oath or mean that one is no longer obliged to offer expiation. What Ibn Jarir said is correct, and it is more appropriate to understand the words of Ibn Abbas in this way. And Allah knows best.
وَلاَ تَقْولَنَّ لِشَىْءٍ إِنِّى فَاعِلٌ ذلِكَ غَداً إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ اللَّهُ وَاذْكُر رَّبَّكَ إِذَا نَسِيتَ
(And never say of anything, "I shall do such and such thing tomorrow.'' Except (with the saying), "If Allah wills!" And remember your Lord when you forget) At-Tabarani recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that this meant saying, "If Allah wills.''
وَقُلْ عَسَى أَن يَهْدِيَنِ رَبِّى لاًّقْرَبَ مِنْ هَـذَا رَشَدًا
(and say: "It may be that my Lord guides me to a nearer way of truth than this.'') meaning, `if you (O Prophet) are asked about something you know nothing about, ask Allah about it, and turn to Him so that He may guide you to what is right.'
Here Allah, may He be glorified, shows His Messenger (PBUH) the correct etiquette when determining to do something in the future; this should always be referred to the will of Allah, the Knower of the Unseen, Who knows what was and what is yet to be and what is not to be, and how it will be if it is to be.
Rest Allah knows best.
Source: In the shade of the Quran, Quran, Tafsir Ibn Kathir